The earliest set of commentaries on the I Ching is the Shi Yi (‘Ten Wings’), whose authorship is traditionally attributed to Confucius himself.
The Sacred Omphalos Stone, Navel of the World and Communicator of the GodsĪ page from a Song Dynasty printed in the I Ching. The Emperor is Dead, Let Confucianism and Chaos Reign! The Rise and Fall of Wang Mang and the Xin Dynasty. Five Scientific Discoveries Made in Dreams. The king’s brother, Duke Wen of Zhou, is believed to have written the Yao Ci (‘Explanation of Horizontal Lines’) which explained the significance of each horizontal line in each hexagram. According to the traditional Chinese view, it was only during the reign of King Wu of Zhou (the founder of the Zhou Dynasty who lived during the 11 th century BC) that the most profound interpretation of the I Ching was written. The I Ching is cryptic in nature and many interpretations of and commentaries on the text were written over time. Moreover, instead of attributing the authorship of the text to one particular historical figure, this view holds that the I Ching is a compilation of divinatory concepts that were current during the Western Zhou period. Among other things, this view expresses doubt in the existence of Fu Xi and argues that the 64 hexagrams predate the eight trigrams. around the late 9 th century BC, toward the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The alternative view, which is based on modern scholarship, suggests that the I Ching was compiled at a much later date, i.e. By the time of Yu the Great, a legendary Chinese ruler who lived towards the end of the 3 rd millennium BC, the eight trigrams had developed into the 64 hexagrams which is the way the structure of the I Ching is arranged. Legend has it that the eight trigrams were supernaturally revealed to Fu Xi. According to the traditional Chinese view, the I Ching was written by the mythical sage king Fu Xi, who is believed to have lived during the first half of the 3 rd millennium BC. 
There are two main views regarding the authorship of the I Ching. The influence of the I Ching is still felt even today as many concepts that characterize the traditional Chinese world view, including Yin and Yang, Qi, and the Five Elements are expounded in this ancient text. Although the I Ching was originally used for divination purposes, it later became an important part of the Chinese philosophical system as well.
It is the oldest of the Five Classics of Confucianism and offers practical wisdom for any situation and an ordering of the universe. The I Ching (commonly translated as ‘Book of Changes’ or ‘Classic of Changes’) is an ancient philosophical Chinese text and one of the most important books in world literature.
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